Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), an Andean pseudocereal, attained global popularitybeginning in the early 2000s due to its protein quality, glycemic index, and highfiber, vitamin, and mineral contents. Pitseed goosefoot (Chenopodium berlandieri),quinoa’s North American free-living sister species, grows on disturbed and sandysubstrates across the North America, including saline coastal sands, southwesterndeserts, subtropical highlands, the Great Plains, and boreal forests. Togetherwith South American avian goosefoot (Chenopodium hircinum) they comprisethe American tetraploid goosefoot complex (ATGC). Superimposed on pitseedgoosefoot’s North American range are approximately 35 AA diploids, most ofwhich are adapted to a diversity of niche environments. We chose to assemblea reference genome for Sonoran A-genome Chenopodium watsonii due to fruitmorphological and high (99.3%) preliminary sequence-match similarities withquinoa, along with its well-established taxonomic status. The genome was assembledinto 1377 scaffolds spanning 547.76 Mb (N50 = 55.14 Mb, L50 = 5), with 94% comprised in nine chromosome-scale scaffolds and 93.9% Benchmarking UniversalSingle-Copy Orthologs genes identified as single copy and 3.4% as duplicated. A high degree of synteny, with minor and mostly telomeric rearrangements, wasfound when comparing this taxon with the previously reported genome of SouthAmerican C. pallidicaule and the A-subgenome chromosomes of C. quinoa. Phy-logenetic analysis was performed using 10,588 single-nucleotide polymorphismsgenerated by resequencing a panel of 41 New World AA diploid accessions andthe Eurasian H-genome diploid Chenopodium vulvaria, along with three AABBtetraploids previously sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of these 32 taxa positionedthe psammophyte Chenopodium subglabrum on the branch containing A-genomesequences from the ATGC. We also present evidence for long-range dispersal of Chenopodium diploids between North and South America.
Young, L. A.; Maughan, P. J.; Jarvis, D. E.; Hunt, S. P.; Warner, H. C.; Durrant, K. K.; Curti, R. N. & Bertero, H. D. (2023).A chromosome - scale reference of Chenopodium watsonii help selucidate relationships within the north american A - genome Chenopodium species and with quinoa.Plant Genome,16, (3),e20349
10.1002/tpg2.20349
Young, Lauren A.,Maughan, Peter Jeffrey,Jarvis, David E.,Hunt, Spencer P.,Warner, Heather C.,Durrant, Kristin K., et al..2023. "A chromosome - scale reference of Chenopodium watsonii help selucidate relationships within the north american A - genome Chenopodium species and with quinoa".Plant Genome 16, no.3:e20349.
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